RESUMO Partiu-se da concepção de escola como lugar de formação de aprendizes na relação com educadores, privilegiado para trabalhar questões relevantes à vivência social, como o uso de drogas, desde o início da escolarização. Objetivou-se levantar concepções de professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental que participaram da quinta edição do curso de prevenção ao uso de drogas para educadores de escolas públicas sobre os conteúdos abordados e sua prática cotidiana. Buscou-se refletir sobre a importância de criar formas pedagógicas pautadas no acolhimento às vivências das crianças. Realizou-se entrevistas com vinte e uma professoras ex-cursistas do Distrito Federal. A análise das categorias construídas permitiu refletir sobre a prática educativa cotidiana e a necessidade da escuta dos discursos das crianças sobre as drogas. As professoras puderam perceber que há abertura para abordar essas questões e demandaram formação teórico-prática como instrumento que auxilie o trabalho pedagógico.

ABSTRACT This study is based on the conception of school as a place of education where apprentices establish a relation to educators and as privileged setting to work issues relevant to social life, such as drug use, since the beginning of schooling. The goal was to raise conceptions of elementary school teachers who participated in the fifth edition of the course for drug abuse prevention for public school educators, on the content covered and on their daily teaching practice. We sought to bethink the importance of creating educational ways guided by the embracement of children’s experiences. Interviews were conducted with twenty-one teachers from the Federal District who previously participated in the course. The analysis allowed thinking over everyday educational practices and the necessity of listening to children’s discourses about drugs. The teachers were able to realize that there is openness for addressing these issues and demanded theoretical and practical education as a tool to assist on their pedagogical work.

RESUMEN La investigación partió de la concepción de escuela como espacio de formación de aprendices en relación con los educadores, privilegiado a trabajar cuestiones relevantes a la vida social, tales como el consumo de drogas, desde el inicio de la escolarización. Hubo como objetivo la búsqueda de las concepciones de profesoras de los años iníciales de la enseñanza primaria de escuelas públicas, participantes de la quinta edición del curso de prevención de abuso de drogas para educadores de la escuela pública, sobre los contenidos abordados en el curso y su práctica pedagógica diaria. Fueron entrevistadas veinte y una profesoras del Distrito Federal que hicieron el curso. El análisis de las categorías construidas permitió reflexionar sobre la práctica educativa cotidiana y la necesidad de escuchar los discursos de los niños sobre las drogas. Las profesoras fueron capaces de percibir que hay la posibilidad de abordar estas cuestiones y pidieron formación teórica y práctica como algo para ayudarlas en su trabajo.

INTRODUCTION: Thrombosis is a complex disease that is often silent and is characterized by thrombus formation within the blood vessel. It can lead to a venous obstruction in the body, severe sequelae and even death. Thrombus formation occurs when there is reduced blood flow and/or the release of procoagulant substances caused by external factors. In Brazil, the data on this pathology are still underestimated, and its incidence is approximately 0.8 cases/1000 inhabitants per year according to the literature. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive method for the risk of thrombosis or thromboembolism according to various risk factors. METHODS: This is an observational and retrospective study based on a convenience sample of records. It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University Mogi das Cruzes and the Heart Hospital of the São Paulo. The sample was classified according to the risk, and the assessment of concordance was performed by determining the Kappa coefficient and accuracy. RESULTS: Of the observed patients, 23 (46%) were women, and 86% were over 45 years old. The mean age of the patients was 60.8 years. Forty-eight percent of the patients underwent surgery for more than 30 minutes. In this study, the method categorized 29 (58%) patients as moderate risk, 10 as low risk and 11 as high risk. Two cases of thrombotic disease were sufficient for validation. CONCLUSION: The use of this software as a predictive method was feasible, providing fast filling, immediate scoring, flexibility and an upgrade over previous systems. The software will not substitute for diagnosis, which is a medical competence, but it may help as a warning of risk.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os desfechos da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) isolada com circulação extracorpórea em pacientes com idade > 65 anos em comparação àqueles com < 65 anos. MÉTODOS: foram analisados 253 pacientes submetidos consecutivamente à CRM isolada entre 1º de dezembro de 2010 a 31 de julho de 2012. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos: GI (idosos > 65 anos) e GA (adultos < 65 anos). Foram analisadas variáveis pré-operatórias, intraoperatórias (tempo de CEC, tempo de pinçamento aórtico, tempo de submissão à VM e número de enxertos) e pós-operatórias (morbidade, mortalidade e tempo de internação). RESULTADOS: Dos 253 pacientes, 103 pertenciam ao GI (40,7%) e 150 ao GA (59,3%). A taxa de morbidade foi significativamente maior no GI quando comparada ao GA (30% vs. 14%, P=0,004), porém não houve diferença na taxa de mortalidade (5,8% vs. 2,0%, P=0,165). No GA havia maior prevalência DM (39,6% vs. 27%, P=0,043) e tabagismo (32,2% vs. 19,8%, P=0,042); e no GI, maior prevalência de acidente vascular encefálico prévio (17% vs. 6,7%, P=0,013). Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto às variáveis intraoperatórias. Na análise multivariada: tempo de internação na enfermaria (P=0,006), complicações cardíacas (P=0,011) e complicações respiratórias (P=0,026) foram variáveis preditoras de risco para maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar. No entanto, a idade > 65 anos não foi um fator preditor de risco associada a variável óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos possuem um maior risco de complicações intra-hospitalares no pós-operatório de CRM isolada com CEC em comparação com pacientes mais jovens.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of isolated on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients > 65 years-old. METHODS: Patients undergoing isolated on-pump CABG from December 1st 2010 to July 31th 2012 were divided in two groups: GE (elderly > 65 years-old, n=103) and GA (adults < 65 years-old, n=150). Preoperative data, intraoperative (as cardiopulmonar bypass time, aortic clamping time, time length of stay in mechanical ventilation - MV - and number of grafts), and postoperative variable (as morbidity, mortality and time length of stay in hospital) were analyzed during hospitalization. RESULTS: In GE, the morbidity rate was greater than in GA (30% vs. 14%, P=0.004), but there was no difference in the mortality rate (5.8% vs. 2.0%, P=0.165). In GA, there was higher prevalence DM (39.6% vs. 27%, P=0.043) and smoking (32.2% versus 19.8%, P=0.042); and in GE, higher prevalence of stroke (17% vs. 6.7%, P=0.013). There was no difference between the groups regarding intraoperative variables. After multivariate analysis, age > 65-year-old was associated with greater morbidity, but it was not independent predictive factor for in-hospital mortality. Considering in-hospital mortality, stay in ward time length (P=0.006), cardiac (P=0.011) and respiratory complications (P=0.026) were independent predictive factors. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that patients > 65-year old were at increased risk of postoperative complications when submitted to isolated on-pump CABG in comparison to patients < 65-year-old, but not under increased risk of death.